{"status":true,"msg":{"data":{"id":50297,"auction_id":100,"set_id":132,"lot_number":"57","artist":"Manuel Azcárraga y Palmero","title":"La Libertad de Comercio En Las Islas Filipinas","starting_price":20000,"signed_dated":"Imprenta de Jose Noguera, Madrid, 1871","medium":null,"size":"7 3/4\" x 5 1/8\" (20 cm x 13 cm) depth: 1/2\" (1.27 cm)","property":null,"coa":"CONDITION REPORT:\n224 pages, 16 chapters, in fair condition; complete text pages albeit with foxing, tears and folded edges on some pages, some pages are uncut due to traditional printing methods, with mostly intact binding, front cover is worn out and has tears, missing back cover","provenance":null,"exhibited":null,"literature":null,"write_up":"A treatise on the liberalization of the colonial economy and an integral component of the historiography of Philippine commerce, Azcárraga's La libertad de Comercio en las Filipinas presents a critical history of Spain's retrogressive mercantilist policy. Azcárraga starts with an overview of the Philippines' strategic geographic location. He then provides an account of the colony's commercial history, dividing it into four epochs: the Philippines during the early decades of colonization, in which trading relations with the New World were liberal in nature; the restrictionist 1593 decree on the galleon trade, which limited only two ships plying the trade route, up to the succeeding restriction in the 1700s; the period covering the Real Compañía de Filipinas, which monopolized trade between Spain and the Philippines; and the opening of Philippine ports to international trade, which Azcárraga notes as the beginning of the Philippines' real prosperity. \nThe author critically examines the Philippines' economic inferiority to its neighboring colonies, particularly those of Britain. Azcárraga argues that monopolies and Spain's protectionist policies on trade stagnated economic progress. He explains that \"free trade is the great remedy, which must be applied to these ills.\" Azcárraga believes in the freedom to sell goods \"wherever and in whatever form it best suits the merchant\" as a principal right. He also maintains that the \"freedom to acquire all objects, regardless of origins\" is the foremost among all liberties. To facilitate such trade would mean enacting liberal laws, i.e., the abolition of tariffs and the tobacco monopoly and replacing them with a comprehensive and more inclusive taxation system. In particular, the author admires Adam Smith and his concepts enshrined in his 'The Wealth of Nations.' (A.M.)","lot_group":"BOOKS","lot_details_html":"<p><strong>Manuel Azc&aacute;rraga y Palmero</strong><br /><em>La Libertad de Comercio En Las Islas Filipinas</em><br />Imprenta de Jose Noguera, Madrid, 1871<br />7 3/4\" x 5 1/8\" (20 cm x 13 cm)<br />depth: 1/2\" (1.27 cm)</p>","alias":null,"hp":25000,"bp":0.168,"isWithdrawn":0,"accounting_hp":25000,"userBid":7004,"isPaid":0,"userId":22,"lot_status":"SOLD","isDone":1,"bid_history_id":null,"reserve_price":null,"hammer_price":29200,"fav":0},"image":[{"id":50387,"img_url":"https://leongallery.sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com/v2/auction/100/132/lot/57.jpg","isFeatured":1}]},"increment":[25000,30000,35000,40000,45000,50000,55000,60000,70000,80000,90000,100000,110000,120000,130000,140000,150000,160000,170000,180000,190000,200000,220000,240000,260000,280000,300000,320000,340000,360000,380000,400000,450000,500000,550000,600000,650000,700000,750000,800000,900000,1000000,1100000,1200000,1300000,1400000,1500000,1600000,1700000,1800000,1900000,2000000,2200000,2400000,2600000,2800000,3000000,3200000,3400000,3600000,3800000,4000000,4200000,4400000,4600000,4800000,5000000,5500000,6000000,6500000,7000000,7500000,8000000,8500000,9000000,9500000,10000000,11000000,12000000,13000000,14000000,15000000,16000000,17000000,18000000,19000000,20000000],"prev":56,"next":58,"count_bid":0,"bid_history":[],"tokenExpired":1}