{"status":true,"msg":{"data":{"id":61687,"auction_id":209,"set_id":242,"lot_number":"110","artist":"Four Exceedingly Rare Photographs and Printed General Order from Aguinaldo","title":null,"starting_price":100000,"signed_dated":"a.) Manuel Arias y Rodríguez (1850 - 1924) <br>\nThe Inauguration of the Malolos Congress, <br>\nSeptember 15, 1898 <br>\nc. 1898 <br>\nphotograph: Albumen Print <br>\nreverse: marking of Agencia Editorial <br>\n6 3/4” x 9 1/4” (17 cm x 23 cm) <br><br>\nb.) N. del Rosario <br>\nPossibly oath-taking of repentant ‘Insurectos’ <br>\nChurch Plaza of San Sebastian, Lipa <br>\nc. 1900 <br>\nphotograph: Albumen Print <br>\nimage: 6 3/4” x 8 3/4” (17 cm x 22 cm) <br>\nwith frame: 10 1/2” x 12 1/2” (27 cm x 32 cm)<br><br>","medium":"c.) N. del Rosario <br>\nGathering outside a stone edifice <br>\nc. 1900 <br>\nphotograph: Albumen Print <br>\nimage: 6 3/4” x 8 3/4” (17 cm x 22 cm) <br>\nwith frame: 10 1/2” x 12 1/2” (27 cm x 32 cm) <br><br>\nd.) Miguel Reyes - Manila <br>\nPortrait of Emilio Aguinaldo, Pedro Paterno, <br>\nand Mariano Trias <br>\nwith the annotation “Copyright by Barr - <br>\nReyes Co. — Manila” <br>\nc. 1899 <br>\nMalolos <br>\nphotograph: Albumen Print <br>\nimage: 7” x 9 1/2” (18 cm x 24 cm) <br>\nwith frame: 10” x 12 3/4” (25 cm x 32 cm)<br><br>","size":"e.) Emilio Aguinaldo <br>\nOrden General a las Comandantes de Zona de <br>\nOperaciones y Jefes Militares Provinciales (General <br>\nOrder to the Commanders of Zones of Operations and <br>\nProvincial Military Chiefs) <br>\nprinted signature of Aguinaldo <br>\ndated 7 February 1899 <br>\nloose-leaf, paper <br>\n11 3/4” x 5 3/4” (30 cm x 15 cm) <br>","property":null,"coa":null,"provenance":"Private collection, Manila","exhibited":null,"literature":null,"write_up":"These outstanding ephemera of the First Philippine Republic trace the trajectory from its glory days at Malolos to its unraveling, right after the fateful first shots were fired in the Philippine-American War. <br><br> The four photographs contain a sampling of the works of some of the most outstanding photographers of the period, who today may be considered the first war correspondents of the Philippine Revolution and its aftermath. <br><br> The first is the well-known Manuel Arias y Rodriguez, who has been described as a wealthy peninsular bookstore- owner whose affections, however, lay squarely with the Filipino population. From his shop, named Agencia Editorial, in Carriedo, he clandestinely distributed Rizal’s novels and set up a photography studio. He was, in fact, the author of Rizal’s most famous and enduring photo, that of his tragic execution at the Luneta. <br><br> Arias would also capture the momentous arrival of President Emilio Aguinaldo, dressed in a top hat and formal wear, at the inauguration of the Malolos Congress on September 15th, 1898. Aguinaldo is in an open cabriolet drawn by four white horses, driven by a coachman in proper livery and a tricorne hat. A phalanx of ceremonial troops surrounds him. In the distance, spectators peer from windows above the genteel stores of Malolos — one selling ‘the finest European comestibles’ and a tailoring shop. <br><br> Miguel Reyes had a studio of his own at Dolores 7, Sta. Cruz. He had first trained at the Manila Academia as an artist, under Lorenzo Guerrero. One of his more famous commissions was the portrait of the young Miguel Primo de Rivera, nephew of the Governor-General, who had been offered up as a hostage to Aguinaldo during the negotiations for the Pact of Biak-na-Bato of 1897. He had, by the turn of the century, developed a moneyed clientele for the landscapes and portraits that he became known for. During the American period, Reyes reprinted and circulated photos of José Rizal. In this rare surviving photograph, he captures Emilio Aguinaldo, Pedro Paterno, and Mariano Trias in Malolos. Aguinaldo was president of the First Philippine Republic; Paterno, the president of the Malolos Congress; and Trias, Secretary of Finance at the time and would later serve as Secretary of War. The general’s office is equipped with electric incandescent lights as well as a telephone. (It was said that Aguinaldo ran a telephone line between his office and Mabini’s, to ease Mabini’s travel back and forth between the various rooms.) The Americans would overrun Malolos at the end of March 1899. <br><br> Next is a revealing ‘General Order’ from Emilio Aguinaldo, asking his army chiefs to do something about the ‘falling morale’ of the troops. In case efforts to raise their spirits proved ineffectual, Aguinaldo commands that they be disarmed. The guns were to be given to those who remain loyal — and to demand that these men swear an oath that they will not “rob, assault, kidnap, rape, or do other acts that will detract from military honor.” The rest of the order deals with the submission of lists of these new and more reliable bands of men and the need to ‘encourage the making and reloading of cartridges’, hinting at both a moral and military bankruptcy. Interestingly, Aguinaldo no longer signs himself as President but as “General en Jefe” (General in Chief), signaling a return to a war footing. <br><br> Last are the works of a heretofore unknown photographer, simply credited as N. del Rosario, on the two remaining photos. These capture events after the arrival of the American juggernaut. A Yankee soldier can be seen watching in the crowd, perhaps witnessing the oath- taking of recently captured ‘Insurectos’ or some other event sanctioned by the new powers that be. The location is at the plaza of the San Sebastian Church in Lipa. The second photo appears to be of young men and their somber professors. <br><br> These five pieces of ephemera offer revealing snapshots of the era surrounding the rise and fall of the First Philippine Republic as it moved from one colonial empire to another.","lot_group":"OBJET D' ARTS","lot_details_html":null,"alias":null,"hp":340000,"bp":0.2016,"isWithdrawn":0,"accounting_hp":340000,"userBid":34,"isPaid":0,"userId":34,"lot_status":"SOLD","isDone":1,"bid_history_id":25380,"reserve_price":0,"hammer_price":408544,"fav":0},"image":[{"id":68585,"img_url":"https://leongallery.sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com/v2/auction/209/242/lot/110.jpg","isFeatured":1},{"id":68807,"img_url":"https://leongallery.sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com/v2/auction/209/242/lot/110a.JPG","isFeatured":0},{"id":68806,"img_url":"https://leongallery.sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com/v2/auction/209/242/lot/110b.JPG","isFeatured":0},{"id":68805,"img_url":"https://leongallery.sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com/v2/auction/209/242/lot/110c.jpg","isFeatured":0},{"id":68804,"img_url":"https://leongallery.sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com/v2/auction/209/242/lot/110d.JPG","isFeatured":0},{"id":68803,"img_url":"https://leongallery.sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com/v2/auction/209/242/lot/110e.JPG","isFeatured":0}]},"increment":[220000,240000,260000,280000,300000,320000,340000,360000,380000,400000,450000,500000,550000,600000,650000,700000,750000,800000,900000,1000000,1100000,1200000,1300000,1400000,1500000,1600000,1700000,1800000,1900000,2000000,2200000,2400000,2600000,2800000,3000000,3200000,3400000,3600000,3800000,4000000,4200000,4400000,4600000,4800000,5000000,5500000,6000000,6500000,7000000,7500000,8000000,8500000,9000000,9500000,10000000,11000000,12000000,13000000,14000000,15000000,16000000,17000000,18000000,19000000,20000000],"prev":109,"next":111,"count_bid":0,"bid_history":[],"tokenExpired":1}