{"status":true,"msg":{"data":{"id":48636,"auction_id":98,"set_id":129,"lot_number":"557","artist":"Carlos V. Francisco (1912 - 1969)","title":"Slave Trading","starting_price":70000,"signed_dated":"hand signed (lower right)","medium":"watercolor on paper","size":"10 1/2” x 17 1/2” (26 cm x 44 cm)","property":null,"coa":null,"provenance":null,"exhibited":null,"literature":null,"write_up":"This watercolor on paper piece presents a glimpse into the creative process of master muralist Carlos “Botong” Francisco. Before creating his larger-than-life murals, the eminent Botong would first produce small-scale studies, usually in watercolor. The work at hand depicts the trading of alipin sa gigilid or hearth slaves in pre-colonial Tagalog society.<br /><br /> The eminent historian of pre-colonial Philippines, William Henry Scott, writes in his landmark monograph Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Society: “The ordinary alipin with land rights was called namamahay, householder; and one who had lost that right, or never had it—for example, a gintubo (an alipin born into slavery due to inheriting their parent’s “debt, indenture, or sentence), captive, or purchase—was called alipin sa gigilid.”<br /><br /> Scott further describes the lowly alipin sa gigilid as “members of their master’s household and ate out of their master’s pot. They were as dependent on him as his own children, and from this circumstance arose his moral right to sell them. In actual practice, however, he rarely did so. He might transfer them to some other creditor, but raw material for the slave trade or human sacrifice was not procured from the household, or even from the alipin labor pool, which implemented a datu’s public and private projects.”<br /><br /> Scott also writes in his article titled “Filipino Class Structure in the Sixteenth Century,” published in the Philippine Studies journal (Vol. 28, No. 2, 2nd Quarter 1980), that “slaves purchased from outside the community, and captives taken in war or raids, are also counted among the gigilid….” (Adrian Maranan)","lot_group":"PAINTING","lot_details_html":null,"alias":null,"hp":1000000,"bp":0.2016,"isWithdrawn":0,"accounting_hp":1000000,"userBid":5930,"isPaid":0,"userId":22,"lot_status":"SOLD","isDone":1,"bid_history_id":null,"reserve_price":null,"hammer_price":1201600,"fav":0},"image":[{"id":49042,"img_url":"https://leongallery.sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com/v2/auction/98/129/lot/557.jpg","isFeatured":1}]},"increment":[900000,1000000,1100000,1200000,1300000,1400000,1500000,1600000,1700000,1800000,1900000,2000000,2200000,2400000,2600000,2800000,3000000,3200000,3400000,3600000,3800000,4000000,4200000,4400000,4600000,4800000,5000000,5500000,6000000,6500000,7000000,7500000,8000000,8500000,9000000,9500000,10000000,11000000,12000000,13000000,14000000,15000000,16000000,17000000,18000000,19000000,20000000],"prev":556,"next":558,"count_bid":0,"bid_history":[],"tokenExpired":1}